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PECB Certified ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor exam (ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor中文版) Sample Questions (Q329-Q334):

NEW QUESTION # 329
場景 2：
Clinic 成立於 20 世紀 90 年代，是一家專門治療心臟相關疾病和複雜外科手術的醫療器材公司。該公司總部位於歐洲，為患者和醫療保健專業人士提供服務。診所收集患者數據以客製化治療方案、監測結果並改善設備功能。為了增強資料安全性和建立信任，Clinic 正在實施基於 ISO/IEC 27001 的資訊安全管理系統 (ISMS)。
診所僅透過考慮內部問題、介面、內部和外包活動之間的依賴關係以及相關方的期望來確定其 ISMS 的範圍。此範圍已仔細記錄並可供查閱。在定義其 ISMS 時，Clinic 選擇專注於關鍵部門內的關鍵流程，例如研發、病患資料管理和客戶支援。
儘管最初面臨挑戰，Clinic 仍然致力於實施 ISMS，並根據其獨特需求量身定制安全控制。專案團隊從 ISO/IEC 27001 中排除了某些附件 A 控制，同時加入了額外的特定產業控制以增強安全性。該團隊根據內部和外部因素評估了這些控制的適用性，最終制定了全面的適用性聲明 (SoA)，詳細說明了控制選擇和實施背後的理由。
隨著認證準備工作的進展，被任命為團隊負責人的 Brian 採用了自我導向的風險評估方法來識別和評估公司的策略問題和安全實踐。這種積極主動的方法確保診所的風險評估與其目標和使命保持一致。
根據場景 2，診所決定 ISMS 僅涵蓋關鍵流程和部門。這可以接受嗎？

  • A. 是的，但排除其他流程和部門的決定必須有理有據
  • B. 不，診所必須將所有流程和部門納入範圍，無論它們對 ISMS 的重要性或相關性如何
  • C. 是的，組織可以限制 ISMS 的範圍，但如果 ISMS 範圍不包括所有流程和部門，他們就不能要求進行認證審核

Answer: A

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
A . Correct Answer: ISO/IEC 27001 Clause 4.3 (Determining the Scope of the ISMS) allows B . Incorrect: Organizations can request certification even if the ISMS scope is limited, as long as it is justified.
C . Incorrect: ISO/IEC 27001 does not mandate full inclusion of all departments in the ISMS.


NEW QUESTION # 330
您是一位經驗豐富的 ISMS 審核團隊負責人，負責對網路服務供應商進行第三方監督審核。您正在檢視組織的風險評估流程是否符合 ISO
/IEC 27001:2022。
以下哪三項審核結果會促使您提出不合格報告？

  • A. 組織已將其所有資訊安全風險的機率評估為 0%、25%、
    50%、75% 或 100%
  • B. 組織尚未使用 RAG（紅色、琥珀色、綠色）對其資訊安全風險進行分類。
    相反，它使用了微笑表情符號、中性表情符號和悲傷表情符號
  • C. 組織的風險評估標準尚未經過最高管理層的審查和批准
  • D. 組織的資訊安全風險評估流程僅基於對每個風險影響的評估
  • E. 組織正在按照識別的順序處理資訊安全風險
  • F. 組織的資訊安全風險評估流程建議為每個風險分配一個風險負責人
  • G. 有不同的系統用於評估營運資訊安全風險和評估策略資訊安全風險
  • H. 兩個系統都包含與保護資訊的機密性、完整性和可存取性無關的額外資訊安全風險

Answer: C,D,E

Explanation:
The three audit findings that would prompt you to raise a nonconformity report are:
* The organisation is treating information security risks in the order in which they are identified
* The organisation's risk assessment criteria have not been reviewed and approved by top management
* The organisation's information security risk assessment process is based solely on an assessment of the impact of each risk According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 6.1.2, the organisation must establish and maintain an information security risk management process that is consistent with the organisation's context and aligned with its overall risk management approach1. This process must include the following steps:
* Establishing the risk assessment criteria, which must be approved by top management and reflect the organisation's risk appetite and objectives2
* Identifying the information security risks, which must consider the assets, threats, vulnerabilities, impacts, and likelihoods3
* Analysing the information security risks, which must determine the levels of risk and compare them with the risk criteria4
* Evaluating the information security risks, which must prioritise the risks and decide whether they need treatment or not5 Therefore, the audit findings B, E, and F indicate that the organisation is not following the required steps of the information security risk management process, and thus are nonconformities with the standard.
The other audit findings are not necessarily nonconformities, as they may be acceptable depending on the organisation's context and justification. For example:
* Audit finding A may be acceptable if the organisation has identified and treated the additional information security risks that are relevant to its scope and objectives, and has documented the rationale for doing so6
* Audit finding C may be acceptable if the organisation has assigned clear roles and responsibilities for the information security risk management process, and has ensured that the risk owners have the authority and competence to manage the risks7
* Audit finding D may be acceptable if the organisation has defined and communicated the meaning and implications of the emoji-based risk classification, and has ensured that it is consistent with the risk criteria and the risk treatment process8
* Audit finding G may be acceptable if the organisation has justified the use of discrete values for the probability of the information security risks, and has ensured that they are realistic and consistent with the risk criteria and the risk analysis method9
* Audit finding H may be acceptable if the organisation has established and maintained different systems for assessing operational and strategic information security risks, and has ensured that they are integrated and aligned with the overall risk management approach and the ISMS objectives10


NEW QUESTION # 331
您正在作為審核組組長進行您的第一次第三方 ISMS 監督審核。您目前與審核團隊的另一位成員一起在被審核方的資料中心。
您目前所在的大房間被分成幾個較小的房間，每個房間的門上都有一個數位密碼鎖和刷卡器。您注意到兩個外部承包商使用中心接待台提供的刷卡和組合號碼進入客戶的套房進行授權的電氣維修。
您前往接待處並要求查看客戶套房的門禁記錄。這表示只刷了一張卡。你問接待員，他們回答說：“是的，這是一個常見問題。我們要求每個人都刷卡，但尤其是承包商，一個人往往會刷卡，而其他人只是'尾隨'進來”，但我們知道他們是誰接待處簽到。
根據上述情況，您現在會採取下列哪一項行動？

  • A. 不採取任何行動。無論有什麼建議，承包商都將始終以這種方式行事
  • B. 由於尚未與供應商就資訊安全要求達成一致，因此針對控制措施 A.5.20「解決供應商關係中的資訊安全問題」提出不符合項
  • C. 確定是否有任何額外的有效安排來驗證個人對安全區域（例如閉路電視）的存取權限
  • D. 針對控制 A.7.6「在安全區域工作」提出不符合項，因為尚未定義在安全區域工作的安全措施
  • E. 提供改進機會，在接待處設置大型標牌，提醒每個需要進入的人必須始終使用刷卡
  • F. 提供改進機會，承包商在訪問安全設施時必須始終有人陪同
  • G. 告訴組織他們必須寫信給承包商，提醒他們需要適當使用門禁卡
  • H. 由於安全區域未充分保護，因此針對控制 A.7.2「物理進入」提出不符合項

Answer: H

Explanation:
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, which specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an information security management system (ISMS), control A.7.2 requires an organization to implement appropriate physical entry controls to prevent unauthorized access to secure areas1. The organization should define and document the criteria for granting and revoking access rights to secure areas, and should monitor and record the use of such access rights1. Therefore, when auditing the organization's application of control A.7.2, an ISMS auditor should verify that these aspects are met in accordance with the audit criteria.
Based on the scenario above, the auditor should raise a nonconformity against control A.7.2, as the secure area is not adequately protected from unauthorized access. The auditor should provide the following evidence and justification for the nonconformity:
* Evidence: The auditor observed two external contractors using a swipe card and combination number provided by the centre's reception desk to gain access to a client's suite to carry out authorized electrical repairs. The auditor checked the door access record for the client's suite and found that only one card was swiped. The auditor asked the receptionist and was told that it was a common problem that contractors tend to swipe one card and tailgate their way in, but they were known from the reception sign-in.
* Justification: This evidence indicates that the organization has not implemented appropriate physical entry controls to prevent unauthorized access to secure areas, as required by control A.7.2. The organization has not defined and documented the criteria for granting and revoking access rights to secure areas, as there is no verification or authorization process for providing swipe cards and combination numbers to external contractors. The organization has not monitored and recorded the use of access rights to secure areas, as there is no mechanism to ensure that each individual swipes their card and enters their combination number before entering a secure area. The organization has relied on the reception sign-in as a means of identification, which is not sufficient or reliable for ensuring information security.
The other options are not valid actions for auditing control A.7.2, as they are not related to the control or its requirements, or they are not appropriate or effective for addressing the nonconformity. For example:
* Take no action: This option is not valid because it implies that the auditor ignores or accepts the nonconformity, which is contrary to the audit principles and objectives of ISO 19011:20182, which provides guidelines for auditing management systems.
* Raise a nonconformity against control A.5.20 'addressing information security in supplier relationships' as information security requirements have not been agreed upon with the supplier: This option is not valid because it does not address the root cause of the nonconformity, which is related to physical entry controls, not supplier relationships. Control A.5.20 requires an organization to agree on information security requirements with suppliers that may access, process, store, communicate or provide IT infrastructure components for its information assets1. While this control may be relevant for ensuring information security in supplier relationships, it does not address the issue of unauthorized access to secure areas by external contractors.
* Raise a nonconformity against control A.7.6 'working in secure areas' as security measures for working in secure areas have not been defined: This option is not valid because it does not address the root cause of the nonconformity, which is related to physical entry controls, not working in secure areas. Control A:7.6 requires an organization to define and apply security measures for working in secure areas1.
While this control may be relevant for ensuring information security when working in secure areas, it does not address the issue of unauthorized access to secure areas by external contractors.
* Determine whether any additional effective arrangements are in place to verify individual access to secure areas e.g. CCTV: This option is not valid because it does not address or resolve the nonconformity, but rather attempts to find alternative or compensating controls that may mitigate its impact or likelihood. While additional arrangements such as CCTV may be useful for verifying individual access to secure areas, they do not replace or substitute the requirement for appropriate physical entry controls as specified by control A.7.2.
* Raise an opportunity for improvement that contractors must be accompanied at all times when accessing secure facilities: This option is not valid because it does not address or resolve the nonconformity, but rather suggests a possible improvement action that may prevent or reduce its recurrence or severity. While accompanying contractors at all times when accessing secure facilities may be a good practice for ensuring information security, it does not replace or substitute the requirement for appropriate physical entry controls as specified by control A.7.2.
* Raise an opportunity for improvement to have a large sign in reception reminding everyone requiring access must use their swipe card at all times: This option is not valid because it does not address or resolve the nonconformity, but rather suggests a possible improvement action that may increase awareness or compliance with the existing controls. While having a large sign in reception reminding everyone requiring access must use their swipe card at all times may be a helpful reminder for ensuring information security, it does not replace or substitute the requirement for appropriate physical entry controls as specified by control A.7.2.
* Tell the organisation they must write to their contractors, reminding them of the need to use access cards appropriately: This option is not valid because it does not address or resolve the nonconformity, but rather instructs the organization to take a corrective action that may not be effective or sufficient for ensuring information security. While writing to contractors, reminding them of the need to use access cards appropriately may be a communication measure for ensuring information security, it does not replace or substitute the requirement for appropriate physical entry controls as specified by control A.
7.2.
References: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 - Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems


NEW QUESTION # 332
下列哪兩個是「不」涉及人際互動的審核方法的範例？

  • A. 確認審核的日期和時間
  • B. 使用電話會議平台進行採訪
  • C. 觀察遠端監控執行的工作
  • D. 透過遠端存取被審核方伺服器分析數據
  • E. 對受審核方的程序進行審查，為審核做準備
  • F. 檢討受審核方對審核結果的回應

Answer: D,E

Explanation:
Audit methods are the techniques and procedures that auditors use to collect and evaluate audit evidence.
Audit methods can be classified into two categories: those that involve human interaction and those that do not. Human interaction methods are those that require direct or indirect communication with the auditee or other relevant parties, such as interviews, questionnaires, surveys, observations, or walkthroughs. Non-human interaction methods are those that do not require any communication with the auditee or other parties, such as document reviews, data analysis, or remote surveillance.
Some examples of audit methods that do not involve human interaction are:
* Performing a review of auditee's procedures in preparation for an audit: This method involves examining the auditee's documented information, such as policies, processes, records, or reports, to verify their adequacy and effectiveness in meeting the audit criteria. The auditor does not need to interact with the auditee or anyone else to perform this method.
* Analysing data by remotely accessing the auditee's server: This method involves accessing and processing the auditee's data, such as performance indicators, logs, metrics, or statistics, to verify their accuracy and reliability in meeting the audit criteria. The auditor does not need to interact with the auditee or anyone else to perform this method.
References:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor (Information Security Management Systems) objectives and content from Quality.org and PECB
* ISO 19011:2018 Guidelines for auditing management systems [Section 6.2.2]


NEW QUESTION # 333
下列關於審計報告的四項敘述是正確的？

  • A. 審核報告應始終由客戶審核、註明日期並簽名為“已接受”
  • B. 不再需要的審計報告可以作為組織一般廢棄物的一部分進行銷毀
  • C. 審核報告應僅證明不合格狀況
  • D. 審核報告應由審核小組組長依審核小組的意見製作
  • E. 審計報告應假定適合廣泛傳播，除非特別標示為機密
  • F. 審核報告應在商定的時間範圍內生成
  • G. 審計報告應首先發送給組織的最高管理層，因為其內容可能會令人尷尬
  • H. 審核報告應包含或引用審核計劃

Answer: A,D,F,H

Explanation:
According to the PECB Candidate Handbook for ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor, the audit reports should be produced by the audit team leader with input from the audit team, as they are responsible for collecting and analysing the audit evidence1. The audit reports should also include or refer to the audit plan, as it provides the basis for the audit objectives, scope, criteria, and methodology2. Furthermore, the audit reports should be produced within an agreed timescale, as it is part of the audit programme management and ensures timely communication of the audit results3. Additionally, the audit reports should always be reviewed by the client, dated, and signed as 'accepted', as it confirms the audit completion and the formal agreement on the audit findings and conclusions4.
The other statements are false because:
Audit reports should not be sent to the organisation's top management first because their contents could be embarrassing, as this would compromise the audit impartiality and confidentiality5. Audit reports should be distributed according to the audit programme procedures and the audit plan.
Audit reports should not be assumed suitable for general circulation unless they are specifically marked confidential, as this would violate the audit confidentiality and the protection of personal information. Audit reports should be treated as confidential documents and only shared with the authorised parties.
Audit reports should not only evidence nonconformity, as this would limit the audit scope and value. Audit reports should also evidence conformity, improvement opportunities, good practices, and audit observations.
Audit reports that are no longer required should not be destroyed as part of the organisation's general waste, as this would pose a risk to the audit confidentiality and the information security. Audit reports should be retained, disposed, or destroyed according to the audit programme procedures and the applicable legal requirements.


NEW QUESTION # 334
......

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